Intertrochanteric Fractures are common extracapsular fractures of the proximal femur at the level of the greater and lesser trochanter that are most commonly seen following ground-level falls in the elderly population.

Diagnosis is made with orthogonal radiographs of the hip. MRI is most helpful to evaluate occult hip fractures.

Treatment is generally operative with sliding hip screw versus cephalomedullary nail depending on fracture stability.

Account for :

• ~50% of hip fractures
• 150,000 intertrochanteric fractures per year in US
• 500 per 100,000 population per year for elderly female
• 200 per 100,000 population per year for elderly male

Subtrochanteric fractures are proximal femur fractures located within 5 cm of the lesser trochanter that may occur in low energy (elderly) or high energy (young patients) mechanisms.

Diagnosis is made with orthogonal radiographs of the hip in patients that present with inability to bear weight.

Treatment is generally operative with cephalomedullary nail fixation.

Femoral neck fractures are common injuries to the proximal femur associated with increased risk of avascular necrosis, and high levels of patient morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is generally made radiographically with orthogonal radiographs of the hip.

Treatment is generally operative with open reduction and internal fixation versus arthroplasty depending on the age of the patient, activity demands and pre-injury mobility.

Women > Men

Caucasians > African Americans

United states has highest incidence of hip fx rates worldwide